FAQ02129 of Solid-state Relays FAQ

Countermeasures against DC Switching Output Noise Surges

When an L load, such as a solenoid or electromagnetic valve is connected, connect a diode that prevents counter-electromotive force. If the counter-electromotive force exceeds the withstand voltage of the Solid-state Relay output element, it could result in damage to the Solid-state Relay output element.

As a countermeasure, insert the elements in Figure 1 in parallel with the load. (Refer to the following figure.)

As an absorption element, the diode is the most effective at suppressing the counter-electromotive force. The release time for the solenoid or electromagnetic valve will, however, increase. Be sure to check the circuit before use. To shorten the time, connect a Zener diode and a regular diode in series. The release time will be shortened at the same rate that the Zener voltage (Vz) of the Zener diode is increased.

Figure 1: Absorption Element Example

Absorption element
	Diode	Diode + Zener diode	Varistor	CR
Effectiveness	○	○	△	×

(Reference)

1.Selecting a Diode

Withstand voltage = V_RM ≥ Power supply voltage × 2

Forward current = I_F ≥ Load current

2.Selecting a Zener Diode

Zener voltage = V_Z < (Solid-state Relay's connector − emitter voltage)* − (Power supply voltage + 2 V)

Zener surge reverse power = P_RSM > V_Z × Load current × Safety factor (2 to 3)

Note:When the Zener voltage is increased (V_Z), the Zener diode capacity (P_RSM) is also increased.